Use Power Query to solve common Excel budget issues

 Here are some ways to use the function to deal with frequently occuring budget issues.

If your financial year ends in June, it’s budget time. Whether you use multiple files or multiple sheets to compile your budget, Power Query could be the solution to one of budgeting’s common problems. Power Query can compile a budget with minimum fuss. It can also automate the process, and in some cases provide an easy solution for versioning your budget. In many cases you will be able to retrofit Power Query into existing budget processes and automate manual processes.

Worked example

Let’s take a situation where we have four states. Each state has its own file to compile. Each file has five separate department input sheets, one for each department. We need to combine the four files and extract the five department sheets from each. Ideally, we want to create both a budget layout (months going across the page) and a data layout of the total budget.

This example will use a profit and loss budget.

Figure 01 shows the lists of the four states and the five departments.

Figure 1.

The layout of each department sheet is shown in Figure 02. The middle month columns have been hidden.

Figure 2.

Column U ensures the total in column T is within tolerance of the total input in column D. Column V tests for any Excel errors. Each file has a separate sheet for each department, plus a Control sheet.

The process is to send the state file to each state manager who is responsible for completing the five department sheets, which make up the P&L. The updated files are returned, and each state file will be saved into the same folder. This allows us to have a separate folder for each version of the budget.

The companion materials for this article will include a zipped folder with the four budget files.

Just a reminder that Power Query is built into Excel 2016 and later versions. It is a free Microsoft add-in for Excel 2010 and 2013. This example will use Excel 2016 as the interface.

The screenshots and some of the options and button names may differ between versions. Power Query is being regularly upgraded. Screens and options may change over time. Power Query is also part of Power BI (Microsoft’s dashboard and reporting application). Any skills you learn in Power Query in Excel can be directly applied to Power BI.

Points to note

• When importing files all files must be closed.
• Power Query does not affect the source files in any way.

Steps

1. In a blank file click the Data ribbon, and then the Get Data icon drop-down (far left). Choose From File, then choose From Folder. 
2. Click the Browse button. Navigate to the BUDGET folder, select it, and click Import.
3. The files in the folder will be displayed. Click the Combine drop-down (bottom of dialog) and choose Combine & Transform Data.
4. Click the Parameter option on the left side of the dialog and click OK.
5. The Power Query window will open and all the sheet names will be listed. We do not need the Control sheets to be imported. Click the filter drop-down in the Name column and use the Text Filter option to filter out (exclude) the Control sheet as per Figure 03. Click OK.

1. 

1. Only the department sheets will now be listed. There is a special double arrow icon on the right of the Data column heading. Click this icon and then click OK.
2. We do not need the first two columns or the last three columns. You can select and remove them using the Remove Columns icon on the Home ribbon, or right-click the column heading and choose Remove.
3. The top three rows are not required. On the Home ribbon click the Remove Rows icon and choose Remove Top Rows and then type in 3 and click OK.
4. The first row now contains the headers for the columns. Click the Use First Row As Headers icon on the Home ribbon.
5. Remove the three columns Allocation, Months Between, and Number of Allocations. You can select the first column, hold the Ctrl key down and use the mouse to select the other columns ready to delete. 
6. To remove rows with no values, use the filter drop-down on the Account column, untick null and click OK. The null option is always shown at the top of the list. In Power Query, null means blank.
7. To remove the remaining redundant rows, use the filter drop-down on the State column, untick null and State and click OK. This removes blank rows and the other heading rows.
8. The data is ready to import. Click the Close and Load icon (top left of screen).
9. The budget has been imported in a budget layout with months across the page.
10. We can also create a standard data listing of the budget. Figure 04 shows the final output structure. In the Queries Task Pane on the right of the screen, right-click the BUDGET query and choose Reference. This creates a new query that uses the output of the BUDGET query as its input (Source).
    
    

    Figure 4.

11. For this data listing we can remove the Total, Total _1, Validation and Error Validation columns. Note: the imported data had two Total columns. Power Query does not allow duplicated column headings, so it appends numbers to the duplicated column headings.
12. Select the State column, then hold the Ctrl key down and select the Department and Accounts columns. Right-click the header of one of the three selected columns and choose Unpivot Other Columns. This will retain the columns selected and create two columns for the other entries as per Figure 04.
13. Rename the Attribute column to Date. Right-click the header of the Date column and choose Change Type and Date. Change the type of the Value column to Currency.
14. The budget has now been converted into a standard data layout – see Figure 04.
15. Click Close & Load to finish.

We now have two separate listings of the same budget. We have a compiled budget file. To update the budget, you need to right-click the output table and choose Refresh.

To handle a new version of the budget, we could create a new folder, BUDGET_2, and save the revised files to that folder. The only change we need to make is in the initial BUDGET query.

Edit the BUDGET query. Select the Source step on the right of the screen. The Formula Bar will display the path of the folder as per Figure 05. If the Formula Bar isn’t visible, click the View ribbon tab and tick the option.

Figure 5.

Simply change folder path in the Formula Bar and press Enter. Click Close & Load to create a whole new budget version. If you make an error, you can close the query (click the x on the top right), choose Discard and start again.

Things to note

• If you want to update a single state file, overwrite the existing file, refresh the first query and then the second query.
• If you had a new state, for example, TAS, simply save the TAS file to the folder and refresh the queries in sequence.
• These instructions assume that there are no other files are in the BUDGET folder. If there could be extra files, you’ll need to use an extra filter in step five to exclude those other files.
• This assumes only a Control sheet plus the Department sheets are in each file. If there were other sheets, they too would need to be excluded in step five.

 The companion video and Excel files (blank & complete) will go into more detail to demonstrate these techniques.

Ref: Power Query

ချီးမွမ်းခြင်းသည် အပြုသဘောဆောင်သော အလုပ်ဆက်ဆံရေးကို ထိန်းသိမ်းရန် အရေးကြီးပါသည်။ ဤသည်မှာ အလုပ်တွင် ချီးမွမ်းခြင်းအတွက် အကြံပြုချက်များဖြစ်သည်။

 Praise is vital to maintaining positive work relationships. Here are tips on delivering praise at work.

လူ ၇၀ ရာခိုင်နှုန်းနီးပါးသည် ချီးမွမ်းခြင်းပေးခြင်းနှင့် ခံယူခြင်းဆိုင်ရာ စိုးရိမ်ပူပန်မှုအချို့ကို ခံစားရကြောင်း လုပ်ငန်းခွင်အသိအမှတ်ပြုအကြံပေးကုမ္ပဏီ Beyond Thank You ကို တည်ထောင်သူ Christopher Littlefield ၏ သုတေသနပြုချက်အရ သိရသည်။

သို့တိုင် တူညီသော သုတေသနပြုချက်များအရ ဖြေဆိုသူ ၈၈ ရာခိုင်နှုန်းသည် ချီးမွမ်းခြင်းကို တန်ဖိုးထားသည်ဟု ခံစားရကြောင်း တွေ့ရှိခဲ့သည်။

Nearly 70 per cent of people experience some degree of anxiety about giving and receiving praise, according to research by Christopher Littlefield, the founder of workplace recognition consultancy Beyond Thank You.

Yet, the same research has found that 88 per cent of respondents associate praise with feeling valued.

" ချီးကျူးစကားတစ်ခုအတွက် ကြင်နာစွာပြန်ကြားခြင်းသည် 'ကျေးဇူးတင်ပါတယ်' ဟု ရိုးရိုးရှင်းရှင်းပြောခြင်းဖြစ်သည်။ တစ်ခုခုကို တကယ်ဆိုလိုတယ်ဆိုရင် 'ကြားရတာ အရမ်းကောင်းတယ်' ဟု ထပ်လောင်းပြောနိုင်သည်” ဟု Littlefield က အကြံပြုသည်။

“A gracious reply to a compliment is simply saying, ‘Thank you’. If it really meant something, you could add, ‘That’s really great to hear’,” suggests Littlefield.

အရေးကြီးသော 'ပထမ'

1. အရေးကြီးသော 'ပထမ'

အရေးကြီးသော “ပထမများ” ကို အမြဲဂုဏ်ပြုသင့်သည်။ “အဖွဲ့တစ်ဖွဲ့ကို စီမံခန့်ခွဲဖို့ ပထမဆုံး အကြိမ်၊ ဘုတ်အဖွဲ့ ဒါမှမဟုတ် အကြီးတန်း စီမံခန့်ခွဲရေးမှူးထံ ပထမဆုံးအကြိမ် တင်ပြတာ၊ သိသာထင်ရှားတဲ့ ပရောဂျက်တစ်ခုကို ဦးဆောင်ခိုင်းတဲ့ ပထမဆုံး အကြိမ် ဒါမှမဟုတ် မီဒီယာ အင်တာဗျူးကို ပထမဆုံး အကြိမ် ပြုလုပ်တာ ဖြစ်နိုင်ပါတယ်။ " လို့ Gibbings ကပြောပါတယ်။

အဲဒီအခိုက်အတန့်တွေကို သိသာထင်ရှားစေတာက နောက်ပိုင်းမှာ ဘာတွေဖြစ်လာမလဲ။

ယနေ့ခေတ်တွင် တောင်းဆိုနေသော အချိန်ဇယားများသည် ကျွန်ုပ်တို့ကို လေ့လာရန်နှင့် ကြီးထွားရန် ကူညီပေးနိုင်သည့် ခွဲခြမ်းစိတ်ဖြာမှုမျိုးအတွက် နေရာအနည်းငယ်သာ ကျန်ရှိတော့သည် ။

“မင်းအလုပ်နဲ့ အလုပ်ရှုပ်နေတဲ့အခါ အလုပ်တစ်ခုကနေ လုပ်ဆောင်ချက်တစ်ခု၊ ပွဲတစ်ခုကနေ နောက်တစ်ခုကို သွားလေ့ရှိတယ်” လို့ သူမက ဆိုပါတယ်။

ယင်းအစား၊ ရပ်တန့်ရန်၊ ဆင်ခြင်သုံးသပ်ပြီး ကောင်းမွန်သောအရာကို တွေးတောရန် အချိန်ပေးပါ။ သင်လုပ်ဆောင်ရမယ့် ပရော်ဖက်ရှင်နယ်စိန်ခေါ်မှုမှာ သင့်စွမ်းဆောင်ရည်ကို မြှင့်တင်ရန် ဤထိုးထွင်းသိမြင်မှုကို အသုံးပြုပါ။

စွန့်စားပြီး ကျရှုံးတယ်။

အအောင်မြင်ဆုံးသော စီးပွားရေးခေါင်းဆောင်များသည် ၎င်းတို့၏အသက်မွေးဝမ်းကြောင်းတွင် တစ်ချိန်ချိန်ကျရှုံးမှုများကြုံတွေ့ရတတ်သည် - ၂၀၀၅ ခုနှစ်မှ စတင်ပြီးမကြာမီတွင် ထွက်ပေါ်လာသည့် ၎င်း၏ ပေါ့တ်ကာစ်ပလက်ဖောင်းဖြစ်သည့် Odeo အကြောင်း မအောင်မြင်သော Virgin Brides သို့မဟုတ် Twitter တည်ထောင်သူ Evan Williams အကြောင်း Richard Branson ကို မေးကြည့်ပါ။

"မင်းရဲ့အသက်မွေးဝမ်းကြောင်းတစ်လျှောက်လုံးမှာ တစ်ခုခုအဆင်မပြေတဲ့အခိုက်အတန့် ဒါမှမဟုတ် မင်းမအောင်မြင်သလိုခံစားရတဲ့အခိုက်အတန့်တွေကို မင်းအမြဲတွေ့မှာပါ" လို့ Gibbings ကဆိုပါတယ်။

ဤကျရှုံးမှုများသည် အချိန်ကြာလာသည်နှင့်အမျှ ၎င်းတို့သည် အပြုသဘောဆောင်သော သို့မဟုတ် အပျက်သဘောဆောင်သည့်အကျိုးသက်ရောက်မှုရှိမရှိကို ကျွန်ုပ်တို့ မည်သို့ဆုံးဖြတ်သည်—“သင်ကိုယ်တိုင် 'ငါကျရှုံးနေတယ်' လို့ ကိုယ့်ကိုယ်ကိုပြောနေတာလား ဒါမှမဟုတ် 'ဒီအချိန်မအောင်မြင်သေးဘူး' လို့ ကိုယ့်ကိုယ်ကို ပြောနေတာလား။ ”

ကြီးပွားရေးစိတ်ထားဖြင့် ကျရှုံးမှုကို ချဉ်းကပ်ခြင်းသည် ဆုတ်ယုတ်မှုကို အခွင့်အလမ်းအဖြစ် ပြောင်းလဲနိုင်သည်။ အကြံပြုချက်ကို နားထောင်ပါ၊ အမှားအယွင်းများကို ပိုင်းခြားစိတ်ဖြာပြီး အတွေ့အကြုံမှ သင်ယူပါ၊ Gibbings က အကြံပြုပြီး အခြားသူများသည် သင်၏ခံနိုင်ရည်အား သတိပြုမိပါလိမ့်မည်။

"မင်းတို့ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်က ခေါင်းဆောင်တွေကို မင်းသရုပ်ပြနေတာက 'အဲဒီလူက လိုက်လျောညီထွေဖြစ်အောင်၊ အလုပ်အကိုင်ရှုထောင့်မှ အရေးကြီးသော အရည်အချင်းများအားလုံး သင်ယူလိုစိတ်၊ သူတို့ အရင်က မလုပ်ဖူးတဲ့အရာတွေကို လုပ်ချင်စိတ်ရှိတယ်' 

Super obligations when paying allowances (payroll)

 You must pay super on an employee's ordinary time earnings.

Super obligations apply to:

'on call' allowances paid for ordinary hours of work, such as an 'on call' loading.

Super obligations do not apply to:

expense allowances and reimbursements. These are not 'salary or wages' and therefore aren't ordinary time earnings.

'on call' allowances paid when employees are required to make themselves available during hours they aren't otherwise working. These are excluded from ordinary times earnings.

https://www.ato.gov.au/business/payg-withholding/payments-you-need-to-withhold-from/payments-to-employees/allowances-and-reimbursements/

Expense allowances and reimbursements

72. Expense allowances, that is, those allowances paid to an employee with a reasonable

expectation that the employee will fully expend the money in the course of providing services, are not

'salary or wages'.

Vocab

expend

/ɪkˈspɛnd,ɛkˈspɛnd/

Learn to pronounce

verb

spend or use up (a resource such as money or energy).

"the energy expended in sport could be directed into other areas"

Superannuation on Car Allowances

Under Superannuation Guarantee Ruling 2009-2 most allowances are liable for super unless the ATO

has determined that an exemption applies.

In relation to allowances one exemption relates to allowances for work related expenses that are

expected to be fully expended by the employee. Car allowances sometimes fall into this category.

However you need to look at your organisation’s allowances before you decide super is NOT

payable. For instance, if the employer pays a fixed car allowance with no calculation for business

usage costs (most common), superannuation must be paid as the employer cannot justify to the ATO

that the allowance was designed to be fully expended.

Here are some scenarios of car allowances that are NOT superable.

 If a car allowance is paid by reimbursing cents per km allowance, this is not liable for super

guarantee.

 If a fixed car allowance is paid, that has been calculated on the estimated business related

travel costs for the employee’s car, there is no super guarantee liability.

The employer would have to have an audit trail of how the allowance was calculated. They would

need to estimate the expected kilometres to be travelled for the year and determine the reasonable

costs per km of the employee’s vehicle. This could be done using sources such as NRMA, RACV or

similar organisations.

The employer might document the estimate and arrive at, say $9,250 operating costs for the car for

the year (for business related travel only). If the employer chooses to pay a car allowance of $9,250

in those circumstances, the Super Guarantee Act would deem the allowance a ‘reimbursement of

expense’ and it would not be liable for super. The calculation does not have to be lodged with the

ATO – the employer just needs to keep the calculation available in case of ATO audit.

Ref:

http://www.icb.org.au/out/?dlid=33618

(At my work, super is not paid on car allowance. However, super is paid on bonus. 

As per ATO's table below, super has to be paid on performance bonus it seems as it is classified as OTE, ordinary time earnings.

List of payments that are ordinary time earnings

This page shows which payments to employees are counted as ordinary time earnings (OTE), and which are counted as salary and wages for super guarantee purposes.

As an employer, you use:

OTE to work out the minimum super guarantee contribution for your employees. OTE is the amount you pay employees for their ordinary hours of work, including things like commissions and shift loadings.

salary and wages to work out the super guarantee charge. You only need to do this if you missed paying the minimum super guarantee contribution by the due date. Salary and wages are similar to OTE but also includes any overtime payments.

https://www.ato.gov.au/business/super-for-employers/paying-super-contributions/how-much-super-to-pay/list-of-payments-that-are-ordinary-time-earnings/#Bonuses

Ultra wide 49 inch monitors for gamers, video editors and multi taskers

 https://www.mwave.com.au/product/qsm-49-120hz-5k-dqhd-freesync-curved-qled-va-gaming-monitor-ac46252

Needs this usb-c to dual hdmi adaptor for windows too to slip one ultra wide curved 49" inch monitor into two monitors as shown on the 2nd box pic.

Settings as below on one ultra wide curved 49" inch monitor for multi window

Blockchain: how does it work?

 Blockchain is tipped as a technology game-changer, set to transform accounting, audit and banking. But how does it work?

A blockchain is a single ledger that records transactions between organisations. Everybody with permission to join can see the same information in real time.

It is claimed that blockchain could reduce fraud and accounting errors. Groups such as the Australian Government’s research organisation, the CSIRO, and the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) are investigating its use.

This explainer video is an introduction to the technology and answers some of the questions around security and the impact blockchain could have on finance and global trade.

Blockchain could have a profound effect on supply chain management and transactional accounting and it might also provide opportunities for accountants who can work with clients and colleagues to reap the benefits of the technology.

TRANSCRIPT

How does blockchain work?

 A blockchain is a single ledger that records transactions between organisations, their suppliers and customers.

An audit trail is created as data is added in linked “blocks” and as more information is added, a chain of blocks is built.

Everybody with permission to join the blockchain can see the same information in real time.

You can see who added each block, and at what time.  Blocks can’t be removed or changed.

All the users – rather than just one controller – own the blockchain, and they are all responsible for maintaining it.

In a private blockchain, the users decide who can join the ledger and their level of access. Some information can be encrypted to protect commercial confidentiality.

A company could have a blockchain with a supplier, with a client, with its bank and with the tax office.

So what does this mean for accountants?

By creating a single ledger over a network of computers, companies, their clients, banks and tax authorities record and share information.

When any of them adds information, the ledger automatically verifies and reconciles the data.

There won’t be any need for each party to maintain its own private ledger, so accountants won’t be required to do all the transactional processing and reconciliation.

How safe is blockchain?

Blockchain could reduce fraud and accounting errors.

When a block of data, is added to the chain, the rest of the network has to verify it.

If you are doing business via the chain, all the computers on the network will identify you and check you have permission to transact.

So, if you’re due to pay $120 and you transfer only $100 by mistake, other blocks will pick up the error.

Cybersecurity is strong with blockchain

A hacker would have to get into the entire network of computers at around the same time to do any damage.

If they hacked only one computer, the other users would be able to see and react.

Blockchain could disrupt the audit profession

The chain itself creates an automatic audit trail in real time, so if blockchain is widely adopted, there won’t be a role for auditors to verify transactions conducted within the blockchain.

It’s not only accounting and audit that face disruption

Blockchain is a peer-to-peer network that cuts out intermediaries such as banks.

The Australian Securities Exchange is looking at how blockchain could replace the existing clearing and settlement system for share trades.

Blockchain could make international payments and land transfers faster, and enable safer authentication of an individual’s or a company’s identity.

That’s why the Australian Government’s scientific and research organisation, the CSIRO, is investigating how blockchain could work across government and the private sector.

Promises such as these are why more than US$1.4 billion was invested worldwide in blockchain technology in the three years to 2016.

These are early days for blockchain, but if it lives up to the promises, it will change accounting and audit functions significantly.

Accountants and auditors will have to rethink the way they work and perhaps offer clients higher value work that involves strategic insights and thinking.

Blockchain – it might just open a whole lot of doors.

Ref: https://www.intheblack.com/articles/2017/11/09/blockchain-how-does-it-work

why roofs in Sydney leak only in heavy rain

 

How To Tell What Type of Headlights You Have - LED, HID, or Halogen!

 

Car kit handfree Bluetooth and reverse camera

 

How to Use 7-Zip on Windows 10/7/8.1 (to Extract & Compress Files)

 

How to white out a particular section of a PDF

 

Demonstrated with  Adobe Acrobat DC (Part of Creative Cloud package) - how to block out / white out (a.k.a. redact) a section of your PDF document.

Hope this helps. (It also works on Adobe Acrobat 8 Professional)

redact

verb [ T ]   formal

UK  /rɪˈdækt/ US  /rɪˈdækt/

 

to remove words or information from a text before it is printed or made available to the public:

Officers' names are routinely redacted from any publicly released reports.

Some parts of secret files are available to the public, but heavily redacted.

How To Use Category Tracking in MYOB / ABSS Accounting Software

What's the difference between Job and Category? To Find Out How to use Category Tracking in MYOB / ABSS Accounting Software From This Video Now.

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General ledger

In bookkeeping, a general ledger, also known as a nominal ledger, is a bookkeeping ledger in which accounting data is posted from journals and from subledgers, such as accounts payable, accounts receivable, cash management, fixed assets, purchasing and projects. A ledger account is created for each account in the chart of accounts for an organization, are classified into account categories, such as income, expense, assets, liabilities and equity, and the collection of all these accounts is known as the general ledger. The general ledger holds financial and non-financial data for an organization. Each account in the general ledger consists of one or more pages. An organization's statement of financial position and the income statement are both derived from income and expense account categories in the general ledger.

Terminology

The general ledger contains a page for all accounts in the chart of accounts[3] arranged by account categories. The general ledger is usually divided into at least seven main categories: assets, liabilities, owner's equity, revenue, expenses, gains and losses.[4] The main categories of the general ledger may be further subdivided into subledgers to include additional details of such accounts as cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, etc.

The extraction of account balances is called a trial balance. The purpose of the trial balance is, at a preliminary stage of the financial statement preparation process, to ensure the equality of the total debits and credits.[5]

Process

Posting is the process of recording amounts as credits (right side), and amounts as debits (left side), in the pages of the general ledger. Additional columns to the right hold a running activity total (similar to a chequebook).[6]

The general ledger should include the date, description and balance or total amount for each account.

Because each bookkeeping entry debits one account and credits another account in an equal amount, the double-entry bookkeeping system helps ensure that the general ledger is always in balance, thus maintaining the accounting equation:

The accounting equation is the mathematical structure of the balance sheet. Although a general ledger appears to be fairly simple, in large or complex organizations or organizations with various subsidiaries, the general ledger can grow to be quite large and take several hours or days to audit or balance.[8][citation needed]

In a manual or non-computerized system, the general ledger may be a large book. Organizations may instead employ one or more spreadsheets for their ledgers, including the general ledger, or may utilize specialized software to automate ledger entry and handling. When a business uses enterprise resource planning (ERP) software, a financial-features module produces subledgers and the general ledger, with entries drawn from a database that is shared with other processes managed through the ERP.

The next step involves classifying journal entries as separate accounts in a general ledger.

Resultantly, there will be a cash account, salary account, payables account, etc. Thereafter, relevant debit or credit amounts will be noted in the account’s ledger. Then, debit and credit values will undergo further calculations to arrive at a final balance of different accounts.

Ledger balancing assists in computing how much assets, liabilities

 or revenue sources, etc., are left with an organization at the end of an accounting year.

After the ledger entries, the balances of all the ledger accounts are taken to the trial balance sheet. A trial balance is a worksheet with the column of debit and credit corresponding to the rules of double-entry bookkeeping or dual aspect of accounting.

Trial balance holds the balance of all the ledger accounts. If bookkeeping and accounting are done correctly, the sum of the trial balance’s debit side and credit side will match. If it doesn’t, it is an indication of discrepancies or errors and will require rectification.

Only after the balances match, the accounts will be considered for loss or profit calculations using expenses and revenues in the income statement. Also, assets, liabilities, owner’s equity, expenses, and revenue amounts will be taken to the balance sheet. 

Ref: General ledger - Wikipedia

General Ledger in Accounting - Meaning, Examples, (wallstreetmojo.com)

How to use a labeler

 

How to shoot a soccer ball with power and accuracy from far

 

Epson projector how to connect wirelessly with PC

What Is a Wireless Access Point?

Access points create wireless local area networks

Wireless access points (APs or WAPs) are networking devices that allow Wi-Fi devices to connect to a wired network. They form wireless local-area networks (WLANs). An access point acts as a central transmitter and receiver of wireless radio signals. Mainstream wireless APs support Wi-Fi and are used in homes, public internet hotspots, and business networks to accommodate wireless mobile devices. The access point can be incorporated into the wired router or stand-alone router.

dongle

noun [ C ]

UK  /ˈdɒŋ.ɡəl/ US  /ˈdɑːŋ.ɡəl/

 

a piece of equipment that is connected to a computer so that the computer can run a particular piece of software or can use wireless broadband

 

Crimping an RJ45 plug on a cat.6 UTP cable

 

What Is an Ethernet Cable?

Devices in a wired network are usually connected physically to a server, modem, router, or each other with Ethernet cables. Each end of an Ethernet cable has a connector called an RJ45 connector. A Registered Jack 45 (RJ45) connector is a standard type of physical connector for network cables. RJ45 connectors are used almost exclusively with Ethernet cables and networking.

Although Ethernet cables have gone through several generations of speed improvements, the RJ45 connector that appears on the ends of the cables has not changed. Whether you use Category 3 through Category 6 cables, the connectors are RJ45. Category 7 cables can be terminated with RJ45 connectors, but they are specialized versions called GigaGate45 (GG45). The GG45 connectors are backward compatible with RJ45 connectors.


Ethernet cables feature small plastic plugs on each end that are inserted into the RJ45 jacks of Ethernet devices. The term plug refers to the cable or male end of the connection while the term jack refers to the port or female end.

Ref: The Basics of RJ45, RJ45s, and 8P8C Connectors and Cables

Long Pass Technique Football | Tutorial

Samsung Pay

 

Your guide to smarter searching the ATO (အခွန်ရုံး ဝက်ဆိုက် ကို ပါးနပ်စွာ အချက်အလက်များ ရှာချင်း)

 Use these tips to help find content on ATO website quickly and easily

 

Keep it simple – don't include common words such as ‘the’ and ‘it’ in your search.

One word says it all – variants of many words are included in your search results. For example, a search for “apply” will return results containing “applies”, “applying” and “application”.

In any case – search is not case sensitive.

 

Smart search terms get better results

 

Use a word or a phrase – whichever fits best.

General terms return general information – searching for “tax” will give you more results than searching for “capital gains tax”.

Specific terms return specific information – searching for “capital gains tax” will give you fewer results than searching for “tax”.

Choose words carefully – if you’re looking to invest in real estate, try different searches, like “buy a house”, “rental property” or “investment property”.

Check your search term in the A to Z list – this list provides key content in alphabetical order to help you identify the best term to use in your search.

Look for search suggestions as they drop down – these are popular words and phrases other people have used to search our website.

Look for content suggestions – these appear for popular content items after the search suggestions, under the heading “Take me straight to …”.

Other smart ways to search

Use a NAT number or Quick Code (QC) – we put NAT numbers on our print documents and QC numbers on our web pages. You can type these directly into the search area when looking for a form or document. For example, you can search “NAT 1006” for the Fortnightly tax table or “QC 16161” for the Tax file number declaration.

Filter results to your circumstances – use the tabs next to “All” to quickly find tools & calculators, rates & codes, forms & publications, or legal database results related to your search.

 

Advanced search for ABN, forms, calculators, tax tables, media releases and order publications – if you search for one of these terms, an advanced search box will pop up to help you find exactly what you are looking for.

 

Still no luck? Try these smart strategies

 

Correct spelling – make sure you have spelt all search terms correctly.

Try different search terms – is there another way to describe the information you are searching for?

Try more general search terms – taking a step back can sometimes help clarify your search.

Check the breadcrumbs – at the end of each search result is a “breadcrumb trail” which can help you work out if the document is the one you need. For example, a search for “income tax return” might give you a breadcrumb trail of “forms” or “business/yearly-reports-and-returns” or “non-profit/tax-statements-and-returns”.

Use bookmarks – if you know you’ll be using a specific page or form regularly you can add a bookmark, which will take you directly to the same page each time

Source: ATO – Your guide to smarter searching

အခွန်ရုံး အရုံစိုက်သော အပြုအမှု များ

 

နည်းပညာတိုးတက်လာတာနဲ.အမျှ အခွန်ကို ရှောင် ဉဗဒေကို လက်တလုံးချား လုပ်သူတွေကို စုံဆန်းလာနိုင်ပါတယ်

အမြတ်ငွေ တစ်နှစ်ရောင်းနှုန်း နဲ. အလားတူ စည်းပွားရေးလုပ်ငန်းတွေရဲ့. အချက်အလက်တွေ ပေါ မူတည် ပြီး နှိုင်းယပြီး အရန်းကွာနေတဲ. စီးပွားရေးလုပ်ငန်းတွေကို သေချာစုံစမ်းမှုတွေလုပ်ပါတယ်

Recently, the ATO have updated their information on the behaviours, characteristics and tax issues of privately owned and wealthy groups that attract ATO attention.

The following behaviours and characteristics may attract attention:

Key risks relating to business structures such as consolidations, international transactions, ineligible businesses accessing lower company tax rates and self-managed superfunds.

New issues for transactions relating to Capital Gains Tax (CGT) small business concessions, excise and excise equivalent goods, fringe benefits tax, carry forward of revenue losses and private use of business assets.

Information on how the ATO target illegal phoenix activity, refund fraud, identity crime and organised crime and the cross-agency taskforces they are involved in.

         Information on taxpayers who avoid or delay payment of tax by non-lodgment of their tax returns          where they have reportable fringe benefit amounts included in payment summaries and STP                   reporting.

The following behaviours and characteristics may also attract attention:

•  tax or economic performance not comparable to similar businesses
•  low transparency of your tax affairs
•  large, one-off, or unusual transactions, including the transfer or shifting of wealth
• aggressive tax planning
• tax outcomes inconsistent with the intent of the tax law
• choosing not to comply, or regularly taking controversial interpretations of the law
• lifestyle not supported by after-tax income
• accessing business assets for tax-free private use
• poor governance and risk-management systems

Ref; ICB.

AccountRight Plus - How to pay PAYG to the ATO

 

How to work out your employees' PAYG and record your ATO payments using MYOB AccountRight.

အလုပ်ရှင်တစ်‌‌‌ယောက်အနေနဲ. အလုပ်သမားများရဲ. သူတို. နှစ်ကုန်တဲ.အခါ ပေးဆောင်ရမဲ. အခွန်ငွေတွေကိုပေးနိုင်ဖို.အတွက် အလုပ်ရှင်ကသူတို.လုပ်ခထဲကနေ ပြီး Pay As You Go (PAYG) withholding ဆိုတဲ. အခွန်ကို နှုတ်ထားရပါတယ်

အလုပ်သမားတွေဆီကတင် မကပါဘူး Australian Business Number (ABN) မပေးတဲ. စီးပွားရေးလုပ်ငန်းတွေဆီကလည်း အခွန်ကို သတ်မှတ်ထားတဲ.နှုန်းအတိုင်း နှုတ်ထားရပါတယ်

အလုပ်ရှင်အနေနဲ.လည်း လစာတွေမပေးခင် (PAYG) withholding အတွက်အခွန်ရုံးနဲ. မှတ်ပုံတင်ထားရပါမယ်

အလုပ်သမားမငှားခင် အလုပ်သမားဟာ သြစတေးလျ နှိင်ငံမှာ တရား၀င် အလုပ်လုပ်ခွင့်ရှိလားဆိုတာပါစစ်ဆေးရပါတယ်

ပြီးတော့မှ Pay As You Go (PAYG) withholding (၀ါ) အလုပ်သမားအခွန်ကို အလုပ်ရှင်က အလုပ်သမားကိုယ်စား အခွန်ရုံးကိုပေးဆောင်ရပါတယ်

Ref: https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/PAYG-withholding/

သြစတြေးလျှ ဥပ‌‌ဒေ အရ အလုပ်သမားတစ်‌‌‌‌ယောက် (annual leave) ခံစားပိုင်ခွင့်

Who is entitled to annual leave?

All employees (except for casual employees) get paid annual leave.

How much annual leave does an employee get?

Full-time and part-time employees get 4 weeks of annual leave, based on their ordinary hours of work. (4 weeks of annual leave is 20 working days a year based on 8 hrs working days or 160 hrs a year)

Christmas ပိတ်ရက်က များသောအား ဖြင့် Last working Day 23rd Dec and returning 4th Jan 2021. Public holidays = 3 ရက်အပြင် Annual Leave = 4 ရက်လောက် အဲအချိန်ဆို ယူရလေ့ ရှိပါတယ်။